Ontological violence
Ontological violence is a concept that refers to the violation or suppression of ways of conceptualizing and experiencing the world, often in the context of post-colonial studies and critical theory. It can involve the silencing or marginalizing of certain perspectives, particularly those of marginalized groups, by imposing dominant ontologies or worldviews that do not accommodate alternative ways of understanding reality.
In the context of philosophy and theology, ontological violence can be understood as the imposition of a particular metaphysical framework that excludes or distorts other valid ways of being and knowing. For example, in discussions of Indigenous ontologies, the discipline of conflict resolution is criticized for perpetuating ontological violence by promoting Western problem-solving models as universally applicable, thereby suppressing Indigenous ways of conceptualizing conflict and resolution.
The concept also appears in discussions of gender and identity politics. Feminist philosophers argue that grouping overt forms of violence like sexism with covert structural issues like patriarchy can be a form of ontological violence, as it obscures the distinct ways in which violence against women can manifest.
In philosophical and theological discourse, ontological violence can be seen in the way Western philosophical traditions have often failed to distinguish between the ontical (physical and empirical) and the ontological (concerning being itself). This failure can lead to a misinterpretation of reality that is harmful or reductive, as it does not adequately account for the complexity and diversity of human experiences and worldviews.
Maxwell Kennel's book "Ontologies of Violence" provides a comparative analysis of Jacques Derrida, Mennonite pacifist thought, and Grace Jantzen's feminist philosophy to offer a new paradigm for understanding violence as a diagnostic concept that reflects the value-laden boundaries of its users.
In summary, ontological violence involves the imposition of dominant ontologies that exclude or distort alternative ways of being and knowing, often leading to the marginalization or suppression of marginalized perspectives.
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