then them, throwing them out of their synagogues. Read the book of Acts, where they wrestled with "the Judaizers" and rejected some of the human elements of the Mosaic Law, such as the dietary laws. They also moved their day of worship from the Sabbath, to The Lord's Day.
As to whether St. Peter was ever in Rome:
https://www.catholic.com/video/was-peter-ever-in-rome