It's explicitly defined in the Constitution:
Posted on: July 17, 2017 at 09:29:28 CT
ummmm MU
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Article III, Section 3.
Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.